Comparative Evaluation of Relapse After LeFort 1 Osteotomy in Cleft Palate and Non-cleft Individuals: A Longitudinal Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the likelihood of relapse one year after LeFort I advancement surgery in patients with and without cleft lip and palate. METHODS: A retrospective observational study which included two groups of participants who underwent LeFort I maxillary advancement was performed. Group 1 included 10 non-cleft subjects and Group 2 included 21 subjects with cleft palate. These maxillary deficient patients were chosen and operated using a technique where only a sagittal displacement was intended. Patients who underwent additional mandibular surgery, significant vertical or transverse alterations, or both were excluded. Pre-operative (T1), immediately post-operative (T2), and minimum one-year follow-up (T3) lateral cephalograms were studied for each group. Skeletal stability and dental stability after LeFort I surgery at a minimum of one-year follow-up in cleft palate and non-cleft patients were evaluated. RESULTS: For the given sample size, relapse tendencies showed statistically significant differences between cleft palate patients and non-cleft palate patients after maxillary advancement. The sella nasion angle and horizontal overlap of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (overjet) decreased by 2 degrees and 0.9 mm respectively in the cleft palate group while decreasing by 1.10 degrees and 0.40 mm in the non-cleft group. CONCLUSIONS: After maxillary advancement with LeFort I osteotomy and miniplate fixation in patients with cleft palate and non-cleft patients, some degree of relapse was detected in both groups for the given sample size after one year post-operatively. The cleft palate group displayed additional relapse tendencies when compared to the non-cleft group.

Evaluation of remineralizing effect of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite on the reduction of postrestorative sensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The adhesive bonding ability of composite resins makes it unnecessary to remove tooth structure for retention, prevention, and convenience. However, postoperative sensitivity after placing composite restoration has been a significant problem experienced by clinicians. Aim: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the role of dentin remineralization in the reduction of postoperative sensitivity after composite placement. Materials and Methods: Eighty participants with occlusal carious teeth were randomly allocated to one of the four study groups, each having 20 participants, and are as follows: Group A with test group, Group A with control group, Group B with test group, and Group B with control group. Postoperative sensitivity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria at different time intervals such as baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Results: All 80 participants were analyzed at the baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and the end of 3 months for the postoperative sensitivity using the VAS score and USPHS criteria. One restoration in Group A with control group reported mild sensitivity at the end of 1 week and one restoration in Group B with control group reported severe sensitivity at the end of 3 months, necessitating its replacement followed by root canal treatment. No relationship was reported between postoperative sensitivity and tooth type. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative sensitivity in any of the treatment modalities. Conclusion: Class I restoration using self-etch or selective-etch as well as with or without zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite is a viable and predictable solution for the reduction of postoperative sensitivity if all the aspects of restorative techniques are considered precisely.

Comparative evaluation of clinical performance of ceramic and resin inlays, onlays, and overlays: A systematic review and meta analysis.

Background: Advances in adhesive technologies and escalation in esthetic demands have increased indications for tooth-colored, partial coverage restorations. Recently, material knowledge has evolved, new materials have been developed, and no systematic review has answered the question posed by practitioners: Is the clinical efficacy of resin or ceramic better, for inlay, onlay, and overlay in the long run? Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical performance of ceramic and resin inlays, onlays, and overlays and to identify the complication types associated with the main clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Two reviewers (VN and AJ) searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central registry of controlled trials for published articles between 1983 and 2020 conforming to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. Only clinical studies which met the following criteria were included (1) studies regarding ceramic and resin inlays, onlays, and overlays were included; (2) randomized controlled trials, retrospective or prospective studies conducted in humans; (3) studies with a dropout rate <50% 4) studies with a follow-up higher than 5 years. Results: Of 1718 articles, 21 articles were selected. At 5 years, the estimated survival rates for resin (n = 129) was 86%, feldspathic porcelain (n = 1048) was 90%, and glass ceramic (n = 2218) was 92%; at 10 years, the survival of resin was 75% (n = 115), feldspathic porcelain was 91% (n = 1829), and glass ceramic was 89% (n = 1075). Conclusion: The meta-regression indicated that ceramic partial coverage restorations (feldspathic porcelain and glass-ceramic) outperformed resin partial coverage restorations both at 5-year and 10-year follow-up. When compared between ceramic types, glass ceramics outperformed feldspathic porcelain at 5 years' follow-up and feldspathic porcelain outperformed glass ceramics at 10 years' follow-up. The failures were mostly due to fractures (6.2%), endodontic problems (3%), secondary caries (1.7%), and debonding which was 0.9%.

Evaluation and comparison of flexural strength of Cention N with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and composite - An in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of Cention N with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and nanohybrid composite. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared by filling the stainless steel mold of dimension 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm with cement/composite immediately after mixing. Excess flash if any was removed by abrading it with abrasive paper. Then, the specimens were subjected to flexural strength measurement using universal testing machine. The results were then tabulated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple post hoc test. Results: The average flexural strength of NT Premium, Vitremer, and Cention N was 90.39 MPa, 46.59 MPa, and 62.88 MPa, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between NT Premium and Cention N and NT Premium and Vitremer with P = 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively. Significance: The flexural strength study can help us to choose a material for restoring Class V lesions and can also confirm whether Cention N, a new material, be a definite replacement for amalgam. Conclusion: Cention N has proved to be a better material and can be a replacement for amagam and GIC.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of bioactive root-end filling materials: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT: Microorganisms are the main cause of failure of endodontic treatment. When retreatment fails periapical surgery followed by retrograde filling is done to seal the apex. A root-end filling material should have antimicrobial property as well as bioactive properties necessary for healing, repair, and regeneration of the apex. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of three bioactive root-end filling materials: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, Biodentine, Endosequence root repair material (ERRM) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: E. faecalis and C. albicans standard bacterial strains were used. 100 µl was taken from liquid cultures of E. faecalis and planted in Mueller-Hinton agar and the same amount of C. albicans was planted in Sabouraud dextrose agar by lawn culture. MTA Plus, Biodentine, and ERRM were aseptically filled into the opened pits. Following this, the media were kept in the drying oven at 37°C for 24, 48, and 72 h and the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was carried out by Kruskal-Wallis, Post hoc (Mann-Whitney), Friedman, and Post hoc (Wilcoxon-sign) test. RESULTS: Among the three groups, the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine against E. faecalis was statistically higher than MTA Plus and ERRM (P < 0.05). Antifungal activity of MTA Plus against C. albicans was statistically higher than Biodentine and ERRM (P < 0.05). ERRM showed the smallest inhibition zone against E. faecalis and C. albicans among the three groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Biodentine exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity and MTA Plus exhibited the greatest antifungal activity among the three groups. ERRM exhibited the least antibacterial and antifungal activity among the three groups.

Comparison of Microleakage under Amalgam Restoration: An In Vitro Study.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the microleakage in teeth restored using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and dental varnish under amalgam restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty premolar teeth were used in the study. Class I cavity was prepared and restored using silver amalgam. In group I, the dental varnish was used under restoration, and in group II, the SDF was used. All samples were tested for microleakage using methylene blue assay and evaluated under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Group I samples showed minimal microleakage when compared with group II with a p value <0.002. CONCLUSION: Silver diamine fluoride would not be an alternative to dental varnish. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Hiremath G, Naik B. Comparison of Microleakage under Amalgam Restoration: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(3):340-341.

The effect of saliva substitute on the color stability of three different nanocomposite restorative materials after 1 month: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT BACKGROUND: The color stability of an esthetic material like composite resin may be hampered, due to the constant presence of oral microflora, saliva, and the frequent intake of food. However, as the oral cavity has a dynamic environment, the color stability of these restorative materials has been a challenge to dentistry. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a saliva substitute (SS) on the color stability of three different nanocomposite restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 66 disc-shaped samples of test materials were prepared using a polycarbonate mold measuring 15 mm diameter and 2 mm height and were randomly assigned to three groups of 22 samples each based on the test material used: Group I - Estelite Sigma Quick, Group II - Solare sculpt, and Group III - Beautifil II LS. They were further divided into two subgroups A and B with 11 samples each based on the immersion solutions, namely distilled water (DW) and saliva substitute (SS), respectively. The samples were immersed for 30 days. Baseline and post immersion color analysis were done with a spectrophotometer. The CIE L*a*b* values were measured and CIE ΔE values obtained were tabulated. Data were analyzed using the two-way-ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple post hoc test. RESULTS: The mean color difference (ΔE) among the three different nanocomposite restorative materials ranged from 4.0 ± 0.26 to 10.62 ± 1.92. Group I showed the lowest color change (7.80 ± 0.55 and 4.00 ± 0.26), followed by Group III (8.59 ± 0.29 and 6.24 ± 0.66) and Group II (10.62 ± 1.92 and 6.85 ± 0.46) when immersed in SS and DW, respectively. CONCLUSION: All the specimens when immersed in SS showed greater discoloration than compared to the specimens immersed in DW. Group I showed greater resistance to color change compared to other groups.

Evaluation of the efficacy of a novel antibiotic-steroid paste versus conventionally used intracanal antibiotic pastes and irrigating solutions against a 3-week-old biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis.

INTRODUCTION: Intracanal medicaments have been used during endodontic regenerative procedures to eradicate endodontic pathogens. AIMS: The aim of our study was (1) to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel antibiotic-steroid paste over the regularly used calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2), double antibiotic paste (DAP), and modified triple antibiotic paste (M-TAP) and (2) to check the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigating solutions, Chlorhexidine (CHX), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against a 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 112 human extracted teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis for a period of 21 days. A novel antibiotic-steroid paste, Ca (OH) 2, DAP, M-TAP, and a placebo were placed inside the canal, sealed, and incubated in an aerobic environment at 37°C. For irrigating solutions, each prepared sample was immersed in 1 ml of sterile saline for 1 min, followed by irrigating and immersion with 1.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 5 min. An antimicrobial assessment was performed at the end of 2 days and 7 days, with seven teeth from each group, for each time interval. Dentin debris collected was transferred to the respective medium for culture. After 24 h, colonies were counted using classical bacterial counting technique as colony-forming units. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that the novel antibiotic-steroid paste showed a statistically insignificant difference when compared to DAP, which had the highest antimicrobial properties. CONCLUSION: This novel functional paste has antimicrobial efficacy comparable with that of DAP.

Effect of varying durations of intracanal medicament application used in regenerative endodontic treatment on the push-out bond strength of a novel cement: NeoMTA Plus.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of varying durations of intracanal medicament application used in regenerative endodontic treatment on the push out the bond strength of a novel cement-NeoMTA Plus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 extracted single-rooted maxillary anterior teeth were decoronated. Roots were instrumented uniformly until Peeso Reamer size #5 to simulate open apices. A total of 60 roots were then divided into four groups according to intracanal medicaments used (n = 15): Group 1: Triple antibiotic paste (TAP); Group 2: Double antibiotic paste (DAP); Group 3: Calcium hydroxide paste (CH); and Group 4 (control): No medicament. Samples were kept in saline solution for 2, 4, and 12 weeks, after which time five roots were selected randomly from each group, representing the samples of each time point. After removal of the medicaments, NeoMTA Plus was placed into 8 mm of the coronal third of the roots and samples were incubated. Roots were sectioned to obtain 2 discs per root (n = 10). A push-out test was used to measure the sealing efficacy of NeoMTA Plus. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: CH, DAP, and TAP application resulted in significantly lower values of the push-out bond strength of NeoMTA Plus after 12 weeks compared to 2 weeks (P < 0.05). [Table: see text] No significant differences were found between the time points in the control group (P > 0.05). [Table: see text] DAP showed lowest push-out bond strength. [Table: see text]. CONCLUSION: CH, DAP, and TAP cause an alteration in dentinal surface properties leading to negative effect on bond strength of NeoMTA Plus. The effect is more evident in DAP and as treatment time is prolonged. The type and duration of medicament application have to be monitored to achieve a maximum therapeutic value as well as to avoid compromise on the coronal seal.

The comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of a bioactive material to different universal bonding agents - An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: An ideal dental repair material should possess certain important properties such as adequate adhesive ability, insolubility, dimensional stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. Newer materials claiming better performance are continuously being introduced in the market to optimize the care of dental patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different universal adhesives to OrthoMTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four specimens of OrthoMTA measuring 4 mm internal diameter and 2 mm height were prepared and divided into two main groups. After 12 min, 32 samples were randomly selected and divided into four subgroups of eight samples each. Subgroup-I: Single Bond Universal, Subgroup-II: Prime-and-Bond NT, Subgroup-III: Palfique Universal bond, Subgroup-IV: Control. After the application of adhesives, the composite resin was applied using a cylindrical plastic matrix of 2 mm internal diameter and 2 mm height over OrthoMTA. This procedure was repeated 24 h after mixing an additional 32 samples, respectively. Shear bond strengths were measured using Universal testing machine and fractured specimen were examined under stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple post hoc test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that subgroup-III exhibited higher bond strength at both 12 min and 24 h time intervals. It was also observed that most of the failures occurred cohesively within OrthoMTA. CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength was higher at 24 h than compared to 12 min. Subgroup-III exhibited higher bond strength than other subgroups.

"Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of EZLASE diode LASER on the infected root canal system:" An in vivo study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a diode LASER on the infected root canal system. METHODOLOGY: A total of forty patients with infected root canals were selected. The root canals were prepared mechanically, and irrigation was done with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Microbiological samples were collected before LASER treatment with the help of the master apical file (MAF) to full working length for subsequent microbiological examination. The procedure was followed by laser treatment with an EZLASE diode LASER (940 nm), at different output powers. Following irradiation, samples were collected for microbiological examination. The samples were transferred to an agar plate and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The colonies formed were then counted, and the total number of bacteria per ml before and after LASER application was assessed. Colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) was counted for Enterococcus faecalis and other bacterial flora from pretreatment and posttreatment samples that were then analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The highest power of laser used (1.95 W) had resulted in maximum reduction of bacterial flora and E. faecalis counts. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy consisting of irrigation using NaOCl and LASER irradiation, especially at high output power was an effective treatment option for a reduction in E. faecalis as well as other bacterial flora from the root canal system.

Comparative evaluation of the amount of debris extruded apically using conventional syringe, passive ultrasonic irrigation and EndoIrrigator Plus system: An in vitro study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of conventional syringe, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoIrrigator Plus on the amount of apically extruded debris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10). The root canals were irrigated with conventional syringe, PUI, and EndoIrrigator Plus. Sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant, and debris was collected in a previously described experimental model (Myers and Montgomery 1991). It was then stored in an incubator at 37°C for 10 days to evaporate the irrigant before weighing the dry debris. The mean weight of debris was assessed, one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of values, and post hoc Tukey's test was used between groups (P = 0.05). RESULTS: The EndoIrrigator Plus group extruded significantly less debris than PUI and conventional syringe groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PUI group extruded significantly less debris than conventional syringe irrigation group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1. All the three irrigation systems were associated with apical extrusion of debris, 2. EndoIrrigator Plus system extruded significantly less debris than the PUI system and the conventional syringe irrigation system, 3. PUI system extruded significantly less debris than the conventional syringe irrigation system.

Expansion of Gutta-percha in contact with various concentrations of zinc oxide-eugenol sealer: A three-dimensional volumetric study using spiral computed tomography.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional expansion of Gutta-percha (GP), at various powder/liquid ratios, of a zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)-based sealer using spiral computed tomography (SCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were selected for this study. Cleaning and shaping were performed in all the teeth initially with hand K-files up to #25 and finally with RaCe rotary instruments (25/06). Teeth were randomly divided into five groups of 7 teeth each. Specimens were scanned using SCT. They were then viewed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with a constant thickness of 1 mm/slice. The volume of root canal in each tooth was estimated. Obturation was performed by GP points (25/04) and ZOE-based root canal sealer in all groups with different powder-liquid ratio. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, had powder/liquid ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, respectively, while in the control group, no sealer was used. The obturation was performed by sealer coated single cone GP. A second SCT scan was performed to determine the volume of GP and sealer in all four groups 1 day after obturation. The third and fourth SCT scans were taken 7 and 30 days after obturation, respectively. The mean volume of GP per group was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Inter-group comparisons were done using Scheffe post hoc multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: All groups with sealer showed expansion of GP at both 7(th) day and 30(th) day, which was statistically significant from the GP volume at 1(st) day. Groups 2 and 3 with powder/liquid ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 gave the highest mean volume values during 30 days period and showed significant expansion in comparison with Groups 1 and 4 with powder/liquid ratio of 1:1 and 1:4, respectively. CONCLUSION: Increasing the ratio of eugenol in sealer resulted in the volumetric expansion of GP. However, further studies should be performed to confirm the expansion of GP, leading to the achievement of fluid impervious seal.

Crown lengthening procedure following intentional endodontic therapy for correction of supra-erupted posterior teeth: Case series with long-term follow-up.

CONTEXT: The crown lengthening procedure (CLP) is routinely carried out to correct gingival levels and achieve esthetic contours and adequate crown lengths for restorative purposes. Though the short-term outcomes have been found to be stable, long-term results are not much reported. AIMS: To evaluate the long-term stability of the marginal bone levels, gingival levels, and the status of the teeth, which underwent endodontic therapy, followed by CLP and final restorations. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Institutional setting, long-term case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case records of the patients who underwent CLP and endodontic therapy for corrections of the supra-erupted teeth to regain the lost interocclusal spaces were retrieved, and the cases with complete set of the clinical and radiographs were taken. All the cases were recalled and bone levels on the radiographs, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depths, and changes in the soft tissue margins were evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis. RESULTS: A total of 25 teeth had undergone CLP and endodontic therapy and final restorations for a minimum of 24 months. The mean post-restorative duration was 50.8 ± 22.48 months (range 24-96 months). All the teeth were functional and asymptomatic with 100% survival. Interdental bone loss of 1 mm, probing pockets of 5 mm, and 1 mm buccal recession were observed in 16% of the sites. The amount of interocclusal space regained was adequate to restore the missing teeth in the opposing arch. CONCLUSIONS: The CLP is a predictive procedure for correction of supra-erupted teeth. The survival of the teeth that underwent the procedure in the present study was 100% over 24-96 months.

The effect of multiple autoclave cycles on the surface of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files: An in vitro atomic force microscopy investigation.

AIMS: To observe and study the effect of multiple autoclave sterilization cycles, on the surface of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The file used for this study was the Mtwo file (VDW) and ProTaper (Dentsply). The apical 5 mm of the files were attached to a silicon wafer and subjected to autoclave cycles under standardized conditions. They were scanned with an AFM after 1, 5, and 10 cycles. The unsterilized files were used as control, before start of the study. Three vertical topographic parameters namely maximum height (MH), root mean square (RMS) of surface roughness, and arithmetic mean roughness (AMR)were measured with the atomic force microscope (AFM). Analysis of variance along with Tukey's test was used to test the differences. RESULTS: The vertical topographic parameters were higher for both the files, right after the first cycle, when compared with the control (P < 0.01). The surface roughness increased sharply for Mtwo when compared to ProTaper, though ProTaper had a rougher surface initially. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that the irregularities present on the surface of the file became more prominent with multiple autoclave cycles, a fact that should be kept in mind during their reuse.

Evaluation of three different agents for in-office treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity: a controlled clinical study.

CONTEXT: Dentin desensitizers are used for in-office treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. They block the open tubules and bring about a reduction in hypersensitivity. AIM: The aim was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of a dentin desensitizer, a combination of a dentin desensitizer + adhesive and one-bottle self-etching adhesive for in-office treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Institutional, prospective double-blind parallel clinical design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 54 teeth in 20 patients were randomly allocated to one of the three study groups, with 18 teeth in each group as follows: Group A-Gluma Desensitizer (GD), Group B-Gluma Comfort Bond + Desensitizer (GCBD), Group C-Single Bond Universal (SBU). The patients' dentinal hypersensitivity scores for tactile (hand-held scratch device), thermal (cold), and evaporative (dental unit air syringe) stimuli were recorded on a visual analog scale. The parameters were recorded at baseline, immediately after application of the agent, 3- and 6-week posttreatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analyzed with Friedman's test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney-U-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: All three groups showed a significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity (P < 0.05) compared to baseline at all time intervals. Statistically, significant differences were noted between GD and SBU; between GCBD and SBU in all testing parameters. Between GD and GCBD no significant difference was noted. CONCLUSIONS: GD and GCBD showed a greater reduction in dentin hypersensitivity than SBU.

Evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration of two new materials using tube dilution method: An in vitro study.

AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two new materials MTA Plus and Biodentine with ProRoot MTA using tube dilution method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials used were ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), MTA Plus (compounded by Prevest Denpro, Jammu, India for Avalon Biomed Inc, USA) and a calcium silicate based material Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France). Doubling dilutions of the material were prepared in Sabouraud's dextrose broth (SDB) and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth for Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. The minimal concentration at which inhibition of microorganism occurred was measured and noted as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the material. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the materials against C. albicans. Biodentine was statistically significant than MTA Plus against E. faecalis (P-value-0.022). ProRoot MTA was statistically significant at different time intervals against E. faecalis (P-value-0.001). CONCLUSION: ProRoot MTA and Biodentine proved to have antimicrobial property. MTA Plusproved as a good antifungal agent.

A comparative evaluation of the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine on the surface texture of Gutta-percha and resilon cones using atomic force microscope.

AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on Gutta-percha and Resilon cones using an atomic force microscope (AFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gutta-percha cones (n = 15) and Resilon cones (n = 15) were cut 3 mm from their tip, attached to a glass slide with cyanoacrylate glue and immersed in 5.25% NaOCl and CHX for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. Five each of Gutta-percha and Resilon cones not treated with any disinfectant were used as control. The analysis of the surface topography was performed on the region between 1 and 2 mm from the tip using the AFM. The root mean square (RMS) parameters for contact mode imaging were measured. The differences between RMS values were tested by SPSS-16.0 version statistical software [IBM SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) Data Software, Chicago, US] using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test. RESULTS: There was no deterioration in the surfac e topography of Gutta-percha and Resilon when treated with 2% CHX in comparison to baseline (P < 0.05). Resilon exhibited no deterioration in topography when immersed in 5.25% NaOCl. There was a significant decrease in the mean RMS values of Gutta-percha treated with NaOCl from the control at time intervals of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min.

Role of Platelet rich fibrin in wound healing: A critical review.

AIM: The aim is to review and discuss the strategies available for use of platelet rich fibrin as healing aid in dentistry. BACKGROUND: Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix in which platelet cytokines, growth factors, and cells are trapped and may be released after a certain time and that can serve as a resorbable membrane. Choukroun and his associates were amongst the pioneers for using PRF protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgery to improve bone healing in implant dentistry. Autologous PRF is considered to be a healing biomaterial, and presently, studies have shown its application in various disciplines of dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using specific keywords, electronic search of scientific papers was carried out on the entire PubMed database with custom range of 5 years. The electronic search yielded 302 papers; based on inclusion and exclusion criteria which were specifically predetermined, 72 papers were identified as suitable to the inclusion criteria and the remaining 230 papers were excluded. After adding three more selected papers through hand search, full text of all the articles retrieved and review was done. By pooling the extracted data from selected papers, the reviewed data was synthesized. CONCLUSION: Recently by showing good promising results with use of the PRF, it has proved to have a good prospect for its use as healing aid in various aspects of the dentistry.